South Park

This article is for the series itself, for the location see South Park (Location).

South Park is an American animated series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone that is broadcast on Comedy Central in America and various other channels in other countries. The series began in 1997 and is on its twelfth season with a total of 171 episodes, 1 movie and a number of shorts. It has also won three emmy awards and has been nominated for various other awards.

The series revolves mainly around four schoolboys; Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman and Kenny McCormick, but in later years it has introduced a number of other characters. The show has also caused a number of controversies from its contents, as will as how it tends to parody people and events.

History
The show's roots go as far back as 1992 when Trey Parker and Matt Stone were still at college. They created an untitled short video In 1995, Brian Graden, an executive of FOX, saw the film and commissioned Parker and Stone to make another. The next one, "The Spirit of Christmas" resembled the animation style of the later series and the characters resembled their later selves. The video became increasingly popular and the creators went into talks with FOX. After this, they went to Comedy Central who commissioned the series, and it debuted on August 13, 1997.

The first season relied on shock-value, with rather weird and unusual plotlines such as the breeding of elephants and pigs and a giant mechanized version of Barbara Streisand. As the series progressed, the episodes tended to revolve mostly around the characters up until Season Seven. In this season there was a noticeable increase in satirical episodes, which remain the most popular to this day. The series began to parody celebrities, such as Michael Jackson, Paris Hilton and Al Gore. It also parodied real life events such as homosexual marriages, global warming and use of the word 'nigger'. The creators also tend to parody (or pay homage to) television shows and films. The parodies also allow the creators to voice their opinions through episodes. The quick production on the show allows the programme to respond quickly to current events, such as the capture of Saddam Hussein. The parodies of course, start controversies; in particular the episode "Trapped in the Closet" which mocked Scientology.

In September 2007, Parker and Stone signed a contract for three more seasons (after the current contract which runs up to the end of 2008 runs out) which will take the show up to 2011 with fifteen seasons and a total of 223 episodes at least.

Main Characters
The main characters on the show consist of four 9-year-old (previously 8) boys; Stan, Kyle, Cartman and Kenny. Later and newer episodes have tended to replace Kenny with Butters. Stan is the straightman of the group, he is often caring and thoughtful, and arguably the most normal or 'average' of the group. He is generally well-meaning, but is very unimpressed and embarrassed by the way the adults of the town (like his father) react to situations. However, the only unique trait Stan possesses is the fact that every time a girl he loves, particularly Wendy, talks to him, he vomits uncontrollably. But for some reason, he doesn't do that very often. Kyle is the smartest and has high moral standards, and is one of the only Jews in town; which causes him to be constantly mocked by Cartman, much to his frustration. He and Stan are best friends and trade places as the series protagonist. Cartman is the short-tempered, self-centered, manipulative, antagonist who is spoiled at home. He is evil, deceitful, scheming, impatient, and intolerant of most races and types of people in which he is not a member of (Good examples would be Jewish people and hippies). He insults almost everybody in some way or another and at times can lack any sort of decency and emotion. Even though the fat ass hates Kyle, he always interact with him and constantly talk or think about him. He always calls others an "asshole" and tells them to "suck his balls" all the time more than anybody in South Park. He's considered as the most revolved character on television. Kenny is (almost) always depicted in his orange parka, which muffles his speech and hides his appearance. He is more sexually knowledgeable than the other boys and enjoys pornography and toilet humor. Kenny was killed off in nearly every episode, but always reappeared up until the end of the fifth season, in which he was 'permanently' killed off the episode "Kenny Dies". He returned in the episode "Red Sleigh Down" but is less prominent than he was before, and rarely ever dies anymore. Replacing Kenny after his 'permanent' death is Butters, a kind, caring but extremely naive and easily manipulated (especially by Cartman) child who used to be a minor character until he becomes the main character in which he is known as the breakout character. The other boys use him as their scapegoat, and is brought up in a very strict household, a running gag for most episodes he is in involve his overbearing parents grounding him for everything he does, most of which are not even his fault or in his control. Butters doesn't really care much about what he's missing in life and he is a bigger goody two-shoes than Kyle. All 5 of the main characters (except for Kenny and Butters) are left handed.

Family Members
Main article: List of Family Members.

The families of main characters (and some of the other children) are also often featured as well. Each main character's family is somewhat unique to one another, from Kyle's sterotypically Jewish parents, to Cartman's hermaphroditic 'mother', but these examples are among many. It is also worth noting that Stan's father Randy is featured more prominately in recent episodes, and one could arguably even consider him a main character.

Townsfolk
Many of the various townsfolk are considered prominent characters. Townsfolk such as Mayor McDaniels, Officer Barbrady and Priest Maxi have been in the show since the start. There also a number of minor townsfolk that appear as background characters or one-off characters.

School students
The majority of the cast is made up by the classmates of the main characters. These include characters such as Wendy Testaburger, the love interest of Stan Marsh; Tweek Tweak, a paranoid, hyperactive young coffee addict, Bebe Stevens, Wendy's best friend and the popular wheelchair-bound Timmy. Some classmates such as Craig, Clyde and Token were originally background characters but have gained a quite an amount of attention in later seasons.

School faculty
The staff at South Park Elementary have also gained a lot of attention such as the transexual lesbian Janet Garrison (originally Herbert). Some staff have been only in the show for one episode but many have remained prominent since Season One.

Occasional characters
The show also has a number of characters who remain recurring but do not appear often. These tend to be Biblical characters such as Jesus, Satan and God. Even Saddam Hussein is a character, but some are completely original such as Towelie the talking towel and the Canadian comic duo Terrance and Phillip.

Minor characters
Main articles: List of Minor Characters from Season One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven.

Minor characters appear throughout nearly every episode. These are usually one-offs, but some appear again or are mentioned at a later point.

Episodes
Main article: List of Episodes.

Controversies
The show has caused a number of controversies, not just in America. Australia complained after the show depicted Steve Irwin after he had recently died at Satan's Halloween Party with a stingray hanging out of his chest in the episode "Hell on Earth 2006". The show responded to this by mocking the death in the episode "Stanley's Cup".

Scientology controversy
The most well known controversy is the one from the episode "Trapped in the Closet". This episode mocked Scientology claiming it to be a huge scam (because it charges its followers money to join). It also impersonated Tom Cruise who demanded the episode be banned. Voice artist Isaac Hayes (who voiced Chef) left the show because he is a Scientologist. He later released a statement saying how angered he was at this, how he was underpaid and not treated with respect. Trey Parker and Matt Stone responded to this by killing Chef off in the episode "The Return of Chef".

Animation
South Park was originally made out of construction paper, inspired by the animations of Gilliam's animations for Monty Python's Flying Circus. This style was applied to the animated shorts as well as "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe" (though rewriting of this episode caused some scenes to be made using the technology of the rest of the series). Later episodes have been made on computers. The characters are made in CorelDRAW and animated using Maya. Some episodes feature pre-packaged explosions, live action video and lighting effects. The show is heavily criticized for its animation, but the quick way of making episodes allows a quick production time, with some episodes being made in as little as three days.

Some episodes feature completely different animation. The episode "Make Love, Not Warcraft" was made in machinima to represent the boys playing World of Warcraft. The episode "Good Times with Weapons" also uses anime.

Music
Many actual pieces of music are featured in episodes, yet a lot of songs are original and written by Trey Parker. Trey and Matt also have their own band, called DVDA which has had a few of its songs featured in episodes.

Theme Music
The show's theme music was originally composed by Primus, but throughout the series' run the music has been replaced. The original theme ran up until Fourth Grade in which a new and much quicker piece replaced it. This theme lasted until the start of Season Six when it was replaced with a much more country sounding theme. This was the longest running theme, but it was finally replaced in "Make Love, Not Warcraft" with the current theme. This theme features the first few notes of the original and replaces the rest of the music with the track "Whamola" by Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade.

The lyrics have remained almost the same since the start (with the exceptions of Kenny's lines). Kenny's lines are usually rather rude and vulgar, but are muffled by his parka. When he was "killed-off" during Season Six, Timmy replaced him, singing only his name over and over with another of his catchphrases "Livin' a lie!" added in.

[[media:2003SOUTHPARKTHEMEVOCALSREMOVED.ogg|South Park Season 7-10 theme with vocals removed]]

Opening Sequence
Main article: List of Opening Sequences.

The opening sequences tend to differ over the seasons as well. The first one just showed the boys' heads falling out of the sky along with the scenery as it fell into place. The boys were then shown going to school on their bus surrounded by replays of previous events (such as Mecha-Streisand rising up behind town hall). In Fourth Grade, a new opening was used with the new theme music. This one showed the beginning of the first one, but as everything forms into place it explodes. The rest of the opening shows 3D animations of the boys and clips from previous episodes with tag lines such as "More explosions". From Season Six up until now a simpler opening is used. This one features the boys being made out of construction paper (as they were originally) singing their lines while clips of episodes from the previous half season are used. This opening remained despite the change of theme tune in "Make Love, Not Warcraft".

Awards
The show has so far won three Emmy awards, a Peabody award and a CableACE Award. Other awards include an MTV Movie Award. The show was also nominated for the 2006 Teen Choice Award for "Best Animated Show" but lost to Family Guy (the show which the creators despise).